Tanker Blast Off Senegal Puts a Dark-Fleet Operator Back in the Hot Seat

Several tankers operated by Turkey’s Besiktas Likid, the operator of the Mersin, were sanctioned by Ukraine in the past for their involvement in ship-to-ship transfers linked to the so-called dark fleet, according to shipping records and Ukrainian government listings. 

Besiktas Shipping, the vessel’s technical manager, confirmed Monday the Mersin was struck by four “external explosions” last week off the coast of Senegal just hours before naval drone strikes disabled two sanctioned Russian tankers, Kairos and Virat, in the Black Sea. It remains unclear if Mersin was targeted due to its Russia business relations and no group has claimed responsibility.

Sanctions records show Besiktas-operated ships were cited for participating in nighttime transfers and voyages with limited transponder visibility – practices associated with the shadow fleet’s efforts to move Russian crude outside Western oversight. Ukraine sanctioned two of the company’s vessels for supporting Russia’s oil export system by conducting opaque STS operations in the Black Sea and the eastern Mediterranean. 

The company’s tanker Esentepe engaged in deceptive, high-risk practices transferring crude oil to sanctioned vessels during STS operations. It also carried crude oil for Russian firms Lukoil and Rosneft after the implementation of the price cap policy. Similarly, Besiktas Kocatepe disabled its Automatic Identification System (AIS) transponder in support of dark activities near Russian ports, and conducted ship-to-ship (STS) transfers in the vicinity of Cyprus, records show. 

While the Mersin itself was not sanctioned, shipping databases show the vessel has repeatedly carried Russian crude. The vessel visited ports in both the Baltic and Black Seas carrying Russian cargoes to Brazil and Turkey. Mersin traveled to Taman in August, Novorossiysk and Tuapse in June, all in the Black Sea, and Ust-Luga in the Baltic Sea in February, vessel tracking data show.

Besiktas owns or operates several other oil tankers of the same size with similar shipping history visiting key Russian oil ports in the Baltic and Black Seas. Tanker Hatay departed from Primorsk just last week, Harbiye and Turkeli departed from Novorossiysk in October and June.

Analysts say the company’s broader fleet patterns – including repeated liftings of Russian oil from Baltic and Black Sea ports – place it in the same commercial ecosystem as operators that facilitate Russia’s sanctioned energy flows. Several vessel tracking sites highlight Mersin’s potential sanctions risk due to its repeated port calls in Russian waters.

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