The Impact of U.S. Sanctions on Oil Market and Rosneft

By Gleb Gorodyankin and Polina Devitt MOSCOW/LONDON, Feb 19 (Reuters) – The United States on Tuesday ramped up pressure on Venezuela by blacklisting a subsidiary of Russian state oil major Rosneft that Washington said provides a financial lifeline to President Nicolas Maduro’s government.

The U.S. sanctions threaten Venezuela’s ability to export oil but pose only a limited risk to Rosneft’s broader business.

Below are details of the decision’s likely impact.

EFFECT ON OIL MARKET

U.S. sanctions will make it more difficult for Venezuela to export oil, particularly to countries such as China and India, where Rosneft part owns an oil refiner, Nayara Energy.

Benchmark Brent oil prices rose for a seventh consecutive day on Wednesday, partly due to the U.S. move to cut more Venezuelan crude from the market.

Rosneft Trading, the focus of the sanctions, was created in 2011 to facilitate trades on behalf of the parent company. Rosneft supplied Rosneft Trading S.A. with an average of 3.7 million tonnes of crude and refined products per month in January-November 2019, equivalent to about 20% of Rosneft’s total exports, data from customs’ brokers showed.

For sales to Asia, Rosneft has had another trading arm – in Singapore – since 2019.

Switzerland-based Rosneft Trading S.A. has been mainly focused on supplying Rosneft’s refineries in Germany recently, trade sources told Reuters. Rosneft is the third biggest player in the German oil refining market.

The unit supplies crude oil to refineries from Rosneft as well as from other – mainly European – firms, they said, adding that Rosneft Trading is also one of the sellers of Rosneft’s CPC Blend and Sokol grades.

Rosneft Trading S.A. also acts as a counterparty on behalf of Rosneft in some global deals and plays a role in an informal oil trading alliance Rosneft has with Swiss commodities giant Trafigura, traders said. It is unclear what impact the sanctions will have on that alliance.

A spokeswoman for Trafigura said it would comply with the sanctions.

WHY NOW?

Rosneft Trading S.A has been assisting Rosneft with foreign projects and supplies of crude oil to Rosneft’s refineries in Europe since 2011.

Washington blacklisted it on Tuesday saying that Rosneft’s unit had engaged in ship-to-ship oil transfers, in a direct effort to hide the identity of Venezuelan oil.

It gave the counterparties 90 days to wind down their business with the unit.

Rosneft said it considered the sanctions as arbitrary and that it was trading oil with Venezuela to recover previous investments, made long before Washington imposed sanctions on the country.

EFFECT ON ROSNEFT’S FINANCIALS

Rosneft switched its contracts to euros from U.S. dollars last year, and the sanctions are unlikely to affect Rosneft’s financials significantly.

Rosneft declined to comment.

The unit’s business accounts for less than 1% of Rosneft’s core earnings known as EBITDA, said analysts at BCS Global Markets. Rosneft posted a 45% growth in fourth quarter net profit on Wednesday and a 20% growth in 2019 crude oil sales.

Rosneft holds a stake of 49.9% in Citgo, the American unit of Venezuelan state oil company PDVSA, pledged as collateral for a loan extended by Rosneft to PDVSA.

Rosneft told analysts on Wednesday that Venezuela was paying its debt to Rosneft on schedule. It did not provide further details.

As of the end of September, PDVSA had cut its outstanding debt to Rosneft to $800 million.

Didier Casimiro, president and board chairman of Rosneft Trading S.A., was also sanctioned on Tuesday. He is also Rosneft’s vice president for refining, petrochemicals, commerce and logistics. (Reporting by Gleb Gorodyankin, Polina Devitt and Dmitry Zhdannikov; Editing by Carmel Crimmins)

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