Controlling Consequences in the Wake of a Marine Casualty
Selecting a Maritime Attorney USCG Marine License Insurance Well, you almost made it through your merchant mariner career without any issues. But fate had other plans, you ‘ran out of...
Picture a vessel that can sail to a jobsite, “plant” three or four giant steel legs on the seabed, and then lift its entire hull clear of the waves—creating a steady offshore work platform. That, in a nutshell, is a liftboat. Born in the Gulf of Mexico in the 1950s to serve the offshore oil industry, these agile craft now support everything from well-plugging campaigns off Louisiana to turbine maintenance at the first U.S. offshore wind farms.
A liftboat, or self-elevating service vessel, looks like a wide-bodied supply vessel with long lattice legs protruding skyward. It sails under its own power or by tow to locations generally less than 300 ft deep. Once on site, hydraulic jacking systems lower the legs until they “pin” on the seabed. The hull then climbs those legs, rising anywhere from 15–70 ft above the water so waves can pass harmlessly below. With the deck as stable as dry land, cranes, crew quarters, workshops, and helidecks can support around-the-clock operations.
Liftboats fulfill several core roles in offshore energy, including:
Because liftboats can quickly reposition and elevate, they outperform anchored barges in harsh, shallow environments—and they’re far less costly to mobilize than full-size jack-up drilling rigs.
On August 11, 2024, the U.S. Coast Guard was dispatched to a 145-foot offshore liftboat located about 40 miles off the coast of Louisiana to evacuate two crew members affected by a fire on board. Although the fire had been extinguished, the workers required a medevac for further evaluation and treatment.
Liftboats are designed to remove the motion of the sea, yet they introduce their own set of risks, like fire, that owners, operators, and designers must control.
Some of these risks include:
The very location of a liftboat, sometimes miles from shore, can also make emergency measures like firefighting operations and medevac less timely and more difficult.
On April 13, 2021, the 175-foot liftboat SEACOR Power departed Port Fourchon, Louisiana, en route to a Talos Energy platform. Less than two hours later, a sudden line of thunderstorms delivered winds over 80 mph and seas exceeding 10 ft. As the crew attempted to lower its legs and ride out the squall, the vessel heeled, capsized, and eventually came to rest on the seafloor. Of the 19 people aboard, 13 were lost.
The NTSB’s investigation later found that the owner’s weather-risk assessment was inadequate, the master sailed despite a small-craft advisory, and high winds struck while the crew was trying to set the legs. With the hull half-raised and stability margins gone, the vessel flipped in less than a minute.
Sadly, SEACOR Power was not an isolated event. In the previous three years, three other liftboats were lost under similar circumstances:
These events threatened crew members’ lives, resulted in tremendous financial losses, and put the marine ecosystem at risk due to oil and gasoline spills. Liftboat builders and operators must take appropriate measures to prevent such catastrophic events.
With a history spanning about 70 years, liftboats are a relatively new type of vessel in maritime operations. They are expanding in use and popularity, including internationally. This makes industry standards and regulatory framework all the more important.
In the United States, 46 CFR Subchapter L governs liftboats, mandating stability books, leg-load monitoring, jacking system inspections, and lifesaving appliances equivalent to offshore supply vessels. API (American Petroleum Institute) Recommended Practice 2L and ISO (International Organization for Standardization) 19905-1 also set design criteria for self-elevating units, addressing leg strength, storm design sea states, and punch-through analyses. Flag state and class surveys require annual leg, pinion, and rack examinations plus five-year dry dockings to assess fatigue cracks and corrosion.
U.S.–flagged liftboats fall under 46 CFR Subchapter W, which requires each unit to carry totally enclosed, motor-propelled survival craft (TEMPSCs) on both port and starboard sides with a total capacity for 200 percent of everyone on board. Launch gear must work whether the hull is underway or jacked up, and boats must clear lattice legs and other structures during lowering.
Weekly visual checks, quarterly davit-tests (or simulated launches), and a full-crew abandon-ship drill every month keep the craft in “ready” condition; all of this is audited during Coast Guard inspections and Safety and Environmental Management Systems (SEMS) safety reviews. Navigation and Vessel Inspection Circular (NVIC) 04-01 and American Bureau of Shipping (ABS) Mobile Offshore Unit rules echo the same themes: clear embarkation areas, certified hooks and release gear, and sea state limits for launching when elevated.
Liftboat crews work 12-hour shifts in one of the world’s most unforgiving settings. They depend on vessel owners, charterers, and equipment makers to meet—or exceed—regulatory minimums. Skipping drills, delaying maintenance, or swapping in non-approved parts violates 46 CFR and—more critically—can leave workers with no safe way off a listing or capsizing liftboat.
Modern liftboats are equipped with sensors that track leg loads, wind speed, and jacking motor torque, giving operators real-time clues about potential hazards. Some of today’s liftboats have massive onboard cranes capable of lifting 200 tons or more, as well as more modern and spacious crew living quarters. But even the smartest technology means nothing if owners push beyond safe limits or cut corners on upkeep. A culture that puts data-driven decisions, rigorous training, and full compliance first is the only way to keep crews safe.
###Arnold & Itkin has helped offshore workers and their loved ones after every major offshore disaster of the past two decades. From the Deepwater Horizon explosion to crews abandoned on their vessels in hurricanes, the firm’s trial teams have uncovered the truth and held negligent companies accountable. With more than $20 billion in settlements and verdicts for clients across the United States, Arnold & Itkin stands out as the national leader in maritime law.
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