Salvage ships work to extinguish the fire on the Panama-registered Sanchi tanker carrying Iranian oil, which went ablaze after a collision with a Chinese freight ship in the East China Sea, in this January 10, 2018 picture provided by China’s Ministry of Transport and released by China Daily. China Daily via REUTERS
Large shipping losses have declined by more than a third over the past decade, but new cyber and climate risks, along with human error, threaten safety progress, according to global insurance firm Allianz Global Corporate & Specialty.
Recent events such as the collision of the oil tanker “Sanchi” and the impact of the NotPetya cyber attack on harbor logistics underline that the shipping sector is being tested by a number of traditional and emerging risk challenges, Allianz warns in its annual Safety & Shipping Review 2018 released Tuesday.
The annual review analyzes reported shipping losses over 100 gross tons (GT).
In 2017, the the review showed there were 94 total losses reported around the shipping world, down 4% year-on-year (98) – the second lowest in 10 years after 2014. Overall, this equates to 38% over the past decade, with this downward trend continuing in 2017.
Bad weather, such as typhoons in Asia and hurricanes in the U.S., contributed to the loss of more than 20 vessels in 2017, or about 1 in 4 losses.
Allianz notes that along with tradition shipping losses, like collisions and groundings, the shipping sector is currently facing multiple new risk exposures.
For example, the ever-larger size of container ships poses fire containment and salvage issues, according to Allianz.
The changing climate brings new route risks as well, with fast-changing conditions in Arctic and North Atlantic waters posing new hazards. Furthermore, as the industry seeks to cut emissions, new technical risks and the threat of machinery damage incidents arise at the same time.
Finally, in 2017, NotPetya cyber-attack caused cargo delays and congestion at nearly 80 ports, underlining the threat of cyber risks for the sector.
“The decline in frequency and severity of total losses over the past year continues the positive trend of the past decade. Insurance claims have been relatively benign, reflecting improved ship design and the positive effects of risk management policy and safety regulation over time,” says Baptiste Ossena, Global Product Leader Hull & Marine Liabilities, AGCS.
“However, as the use of new technologies on board vessels grows, we expect to see changes in the maritime loss environment in future. The number of more technical claims will grow – such as cyber incidents or technological defects – in addition to traditional losses, such as collisions or groundings,” Ossena notes.
Almost a third of shipping losses in 2017 (30) occurred in the South China, Indochina, Indonesia and Philippines maritime region, up 25% annually, driven by activity in Vietnamese waters, according to Allianz.
“This area has been the major global loss hotspot for the past decade, leading some media commentators to label it the ‘new Bermuda Triangle’,” says Allianz. The major loss factors are actually weather, busy seas and lower safety standards on some domestic routes.
Outside of Asia, the East Mediterranean and Black Sea region is the second major loss hotspot (17) followed by the British Isles (8). There was also a 29% annual increase in reported shipping incidents in Arctic Circle waters (71), according to Allianz’s analysis.
Cargo vessels (53) accounted for over half of all vessels lost globally in 2017. Fishing and passenger vessel losses are down year-on-year. Bulk carriers accounted for five of the 10 largest reported total losses by GT. The most common cause of global losses remains foundering (sinking), with 61 sinkings in 2017. Wrecked/stranded ranks second (13), followed by machinery damage/failure (8).
Analysis shows Friday is the most dangerous day at sea – 175 losses of 1,129 total losses reported have occurred on this day over the past decade.
Friday 13th really can be unlucky – three ships were lost on this day in 2012 including Costa Concordia, the largest-ever marine insurance loss.
The unluckiest ship of the past year, according to Allianz, is a passenger ferry operating in the East Mediterranean and Black Sea region – it was involved in seven accidents in 12 months.
Despite decades of safety improvements, the shipping industry has no room for complacency, Allianz warns. Fatal accidents such as the “Sanchi” oil tanker collision in January 2018 and the loss of the “El Faro” in Hurricane Joaquin in late 2015 persist and human behavior is often a factor. Allianz estimates that human error is behind 75% of 15,000 marine liability insurance industry claims analyzed by AGCS, costing $1.6 billion.
“Human error continues to be a major driver of incidents,” says Captain Rahul Khanna, Global Head of Marine Risk Consulting, AGCS. “Inadequate shore-side support and commercial pressures have an important role to play in maritime safety and risk exposure. Tight schedules can have a detrimental impact on safety culture and decision-making.”
Better use of data and analytics could help, according to Allianz. The shipping industry produces a lot of data but could utilize it better, producing real-time findings and alerts, Khanna believes. “By analyzing data 24/7 we can gain new insights from crew behavior and near-misses that can identify trends. The shipping industry has learned from losses in the past but predictive analysis could be the difference between a safe voyage and a disaster.”
Cyber incidents like the global NotPetya malware event have been a wake-up call for the shipping sector. Many operators previously thought themselves isolated from this threat.
“As technology on board increases, so do the potential risks,” says Khanna.
At the same time, new European Union laws such as the Network and Information Security Directive (NIS), which requires large ports and maritime transport services to report any cyber incidents and brings financial penalties, will exacerbate the fall-out from any future failure – malicious or accidental.
“The current lack of incident reporting masks the true picture when it comes to cyber risk in the marine industry,” says Khanna. “The NIS directive will bring more transparency around the scale of the problem.”
Other risk topics identified in the Safety & Shipping Review include:
Container ship fire struggles continue: Container-carrying capacity has increased by almost 1,500% in 50 years. Today’s “mega-ships” create new risk exposures and there have been a number of fires at sea in recent years. Fire-fighting capabilities have not necessarily kept pace with increasing vessel sizes.
Climate change brings new route risks: Climate change is impacting ice hazards for shipping, freeing up new trade routes in some areas, while increasing the risk of ice in others – over 1,000 icebergs drifted into North Atlantic shipping lanes last year[3], creating potential collision hazards. Cargo volumes on the Northern Sea Route reached a record high in 2017.
Emissions rules bring problems: Estimates suggest that the shipping sector’s emissions levels are as high as Germany’s, prompting a recent pledge to reduce all emissions by 50% in the long-term, alongside existing commitments to reduce sulphur oxide emissions by 2020. As the industry looks to technical solutions to achieve these aims, there could be accompanying risk issues with engines and bunkering of biofuels, as well as operator training.
Autonomous shipping and drones: Legal, safety and cyber security issues are likely to limit widespread growth of crewless ships for now. Human error risk will still be present in decision-making algorithms and onshore monitoring bases. Drones and submersibles have the potential to make a significant contribution to shipping safety and risk management. Future use could include pollution assessment, cargo tank inspections, monitoring pirates and assessment of the condition of a ship’s hull in a grounding incident.
Link to Review: Allianz Global Safety & Shipping Review 2018
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