Canada Ports Win as Container Ships Divert on Labor Concern

Photo courtesy Prince Rupert Port Authority

By Christopher Donville and Frederic Tomesco

Aug. 27 (Bloomberg) — Prince Rupert, a remote port luring tourists with the slogan “Where Canada’s Wilderness Begins,” may want to consider a new motto: “Asia’s Gateway to Chicago.”

Container ships sailing across the northern Pacific are carrying more cargo and are setting course for British Columbia to avoid delays from a possible strike by U.S. West Coast longshoremen. Traffic in Prince Rupert soared 49 percent in July from a year earlier, according to data compiled by Bloomberg Intelligence, while volume dropped 19 percent in Seattle, its nearest major U.S. rival.

Canadian ports are gaining an advantage over their U.S. rivals amid an economic recovery that’s increasing container volumes from East Asia. While U.S. West Coast ports are mired in a labor dispute and congestion hobbles local railways, Prince Rupert is winning customers with its shorter sailing times from China and efficient infrastructure that can whisk freight to the U.S. Midwest and beyond.

“If people are using the Canadian ports now out of concern for a slowdown, and they like what they see and they like the processing times and the experience, they’ll continue to funnel some of their traffic that way,” Emma Griffith, a director at Fitch Ratings in New York who covers air and sea ports, said by phone Aug. 19.

One of the companies best positioned to benefit from the added traffic is Canadian National Railway Co. Its shares, which were down 0.8 percent at C$76.37 at 10:18 a.m. in Toronto, have climbed 26 percent this year.

The Montreal-based company has exclusive connections to Prince Rupert and its lines help make the port a linchpin in the quickest sea-and-land route linking East Asia and the U.S. Midwest, according to the Prince Rupert Port Authority.

Strong Demand

Container traffic is rising on both sides of the continent. The volume at the biggest U.S. and Canadian ports rose 7.2 percent from a year earlier in May, the latest month for which industrywide data has been published, according to Bloomberg Intelligence. That outpaced April’s 5.9 percent gain.

The container volume indicates there’s strength in the U.S. economic rebound, according to Tony Hatch, a New York-based transportation analyst at ABH Consulting.

“The underlying demand is pretty strong, and this suggests that the economy is going well,” Hatch said in a phone interview.

Prince Rupert may be uniquely positioned to benefit from the situation. The town, which lies ice-free 745 kilometers (462 miles) northwest of Vancouver, is as many as 68 hours closer to Shanghai in sailing time than is Los Angeles, according to the Prince Rupert Port Authority.

Shanghai-Chicago

Including rail times, cargo transiting from Shanghai through Prince Rupert would reach Chicago two days quicker than if the ships called at Oakland or Seattle-Tacoma, and three quicker than if they unloaded in Los Angeles, according to Jean- Paul Rodrigue, a professor at Hofstra University’s department of global studies and geography.

Prince Rupert, a town of 15,000 that has attracted visitors with summer cruises and grizzly bear tours, is the proposed site for at least two liquefied natural gas export terminals. In 2007 the Canadian government, Canadian National and Maher Terminals LLC of Elizabeth, New Jersey, opened a dedicated container terminal, and activity this year is booming.

One of Prince Rupert’s advantages is that inbound containers can be transferred directly to trains rather than trucks that head to a distribution center, which is what happens at other West Coast ports, according to Kris Schumacher, a spokesman for the port authority.

Furniture to Clothing

This kind of traffic, which uses different modes of transportation, is known within the industry as intermodal freight, and it’s booming for Canadian National. Its intermodal revenue jumped 17 percent to C$716 million ($657 million) in the second quarter.

Inbound shipping containers landing at Prince Rupert include a range of goods from furniture to clothing and automotive parts, Schumacher said. Lumber and logs dominate the terminal’s outbound shipments, he said.

Volume at Prince Rupert has been increasing for five months, according to the data compiled by Bloomberg Intelligence. In July, Prince Rupert handled 64,355 standard containers, or 20-foot equivalent units (TEUs), a record according to the data.

The port is becoming a victim of its own success. Earlier this month, the time that containers sat on the dock waiting to be loaded onto trains rose to about 10 days, compared with about two days under normal conditions, Schumacher said.

Vancouver Boom

Container traffic also has increased at Vancouver’s port, Prince Rupert’s larger Canadian rival. Inbound containers reached a record in July, John Parker-Jervis, a spokesman for Port Metro Vancouver, said by phone last week. The gateway handled a total of 274,115 TEUs in May, the last month for which published data is available.

Vancouver and Prince Rupert “are doing everything they can to handle the business,” Jean-Jacques Ruest, Canadian National’s chief marketing officer, said in an interview in Ottawa on Aug. 20.

Prince Rupert and Vancouver moved less cargo than Los Angeles, which handled 717,408 TEUs last month, and Long Beach, California, which saw 583,060 TEUs. Still, Prince Rupert is considering whether to almost double its annual capacity to about 1.3 million TEUs, Schumacher said.

In the U.S., there’s no indication when new contracts will be signed for workers at 29 ports from Washington state to California. About 20,000 dockworkers represented by the International Longshore and Warehouse Union have been without a contract since early July. The union and the maritime association are negotiating over work rules, salaries and health-care benefits.

‘More Predictability’

Wade Gates, a spokesman for the Pacific Maritime Association, which represents shipping companies and port operators, declined to give details of the discussions, as did Craig Merrilees, a union spokesman.

“All parties are served by returning as quickly as possible to a situation of more predictability and certainty,” Merrilees said by phone on Aug. 19.

Both sides in the dispute know what’s at stake and don’t want to lose more traffic to Canada, said David Tyerman, a Toronto-based analyst at Canaccord Genuity Group Inc. who rates Canadian National shares a hold.

“There seems to be a completely different tone to the last time there was a work stoppage,” Tyerman said Aug. 20 by phone.

In 2002, the maritime association locked out U.S. West Coast port workers after contract talks broke down. The 10-day shutdown ended when then-President George W. Bush invoked the rarely used Taft-Hartley Act to reopen the ports. The dispute cost the U.S. economy $1 billion a day, according to the maritime association.

Easing Bottlenecks

Another factor boosting demand for Canadian port capacity has been congestion on rail lines east of Seattle operated by Burlington Northern Santa Fe, said Fadi Chamoun, a Toronto-based analyst at Bank of Montreal in Toronto.

BNSF, owned by Berkshire Hathaway Inc., unveiled plans in February to invest $5 billion this year — including $2.3 billion for its rail network and equipment such as locomotives – – to ease bottlenecks.

“BNSF has been struggling for a year — it will probably take them another year to get out of the woods,” Chamoun said by phone.

BNSF’s customers will see improvements in the railway’s speed and on-time performance as capital projects proceed, Amy Casas, a Fort Worth, Texas-based spokeswoman for BNSF, said Aug. 25 in an e-mail response to questions.

Slowed Shipments

Canada isn’t immune to rail-line disruptions. In March, disgruntled truck drivers slowed shipments through Vancouver after they walked off the job to protest pay and long line-ups to load or unload containers. The disruption affected about C$885 million of cargo per week, the port said at the time.

Gitxsan First Nation, a British Columbia aboriginal group, last month briefly blocked the Canadian National rail line east of Prince Rupert in a dispute with the government over land claims.

“Shippers will likely look at the routes through Canada as good solid opportunities,” Richard Stewart, a professor of transportation logistics at the University of Wisconsin- Superior, said Aug. 18 by phone. “But if they’re going to Chicago or Memphis, moving all their business to Prince Rupert, or all their business to Vancouver, is unlikely.”

Still, the threat posed to U.S. ports is real. While growth this year in container traffic at the Port of Los Angeles doesn’t suggest a loss of business to the Canadians, the shipping industry is “anxious” for a labor agreement, Phillip Sanfield, a port spokesman, said by phone.

For its part, the Port of Seattle has lost container volumes because of the possibility of a strike, said Peter McGraw, a spokesman.

“We value the cargo here,” he said by phone. “Cargo means jobs.”

–With assistance from James Nash in Los Angeles and Greg Quinn in Ottawa.

Copyright 2014 Bloomberg.

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